Names of gangs in chicago

Nov 29, 2021 · The gangs allegedly responsible for the violence range from well-established organizations such as the Latin Kings and Four Corner Hustlers to smaller factions that are little-known outside...

Names of gangs in chicago. In the 1950s, the gangs began to don sweaters to identify themselves, and carried compliment [business] cards that bore their affiliation and became status symbols. As the gangs grew, the violence increased, and by the 1980s, many of the smaller local clubs had been consumed by larger syndicates that have become synonymous with inner-city …

During this time, Frederic Milton Thrasher was a doctoral student studying sociology on Chicago’s South Side at the University of Chicago. His dissertation “The Gang: a study of 1313 gangs in Chicago” was ultimately published in 1927. Thrasher studied under Robert E. Park, both of whom were part of the “Chicago school,” an influential ...

The story of Two Six goes back to 1968 when a group of boys started a baseball team called the Five Stair Step. These boys went to McCormick Elementary (2712 S Sawyer Ave, Chicago, IL 60623). At the time the boys were 11-12 years old. In the year 1970, the boys numbered about 20 members and still played softball at McCormick and were now 13-14 ...Satan Disciples viciously fought all these gangs and even Two Six when they first started in 1970. In 1975, Satan Disciples opened new turf on the northern part of Chicago in the southern part of the West Town neighborhood. After the Gaylords left the area in 1975 the SDs were just moving in around Erie and Wood and Huron and Ashland areas.The gang was named after a notorious bartender who was known for slipping knockout drops into his patrons’ drinks. There were also several Jewish gangs in Chicago in the 1900s, including the “Zog’s Boys,” the “42 Gang,” and the “Kosher Nostra.”. These gangs were involved in a range of criminal activities, including extortion ...Windy City. The city of Chicago has been known by many nicknames, but it is most widely recognized as the "Windy City". The earliest known reference to the "Windy City" was actually to Green Bay in 1856. [1] The first known repeated effort to label Chicago with this nickname is from 1876 and involves Chicago's rivalry with Cincinnati.In case of emergency dial 911 For non-emergencies dial 311. Chicago Police Department. Search forThe conference presenters urged that it is time to move on from the narrative of Chicago as a “city of gangs.” Chicago has always been a “city of neighborhoods,” and the violence that has resulted from the fragmentation of traditional gangs into new horizontal gangs and cliques should be addressed within a comprehensive neighborhood policy.Mar 18, 2013 · People street gangs in Chicago. Bishops. Black P Stones (braches include Apache Stones, Jet Black Stones, Titanic Stones, Ruben Night Stones, Jabari Stones, & Black Stone Villans) Four Corner Hustlers. Familia Stones. Gaylords. Insane Popes (South Side) Insane Unknowns. Latin Brothers. In 1978, an agreement among members of several Disciples gangs was reached. A new alliance, formally known as the Folk Nation, would be formed to lend aid to any group that struggled for survival within the city of Chicago. All gangs were bound to help each other with the protection of their neighborhoods and of their business interests.

Gangs headquartered. Vice Lords, Gangster Disciples, New Breeds, This area was settled in 1827 as part of the Lawndale-Crawford area and from there some farms were built in the area and eventually the area became a part of the suburb of Cicero and Cicero Township until the year 1869. In 1869, Chicago annexed this area and this Chicago ...The amount of active gang members in the city of Chicago alone is the highest in the world and estimated to be over 150,000. Only active sets are displayed on this map (If its on …January 27, 2012, 5:59 pm. The latest Chicago Crime Commission gang report is out, and it totals an enormous number of gang members in Chicago —68,000 or more. According to Jody Weis, who now...Chicago Gang History is strictly dedicated to pre-2000 gang history only! I will not talk much about anything in the 21st century nor do I have any interest in what has been going on between 2000 and present. I am constantly on the search for old school pics from the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s.JUDY WOODRUFF: In Chicago this summer, police are dealing with an unsettling spike in violent crime, after a drop in the homicide rate over the last two years, this weekend, 11 dead and 34 injured ...An Illinois man was arrested and charged with a hate crime after he allegedly shot his neighbor several times in what authorities say is a racially motivated incident. …Need a landlord agent in Chicago? Read reviews & compare projects by leading landlord representation services. Find a company today! Development Most Popular Emerging Tech Developm...

CHICAGO (CBS) – Sunday's Cinco de Mayo parade was marred by gang violence after shots were fired on the parade route in Little Village. CBS 2 Investigators dug into what …The amount of active gang members in the city of Chicago alone is the highest in the world and estimated to be over 150,000. Only active sets are displayed on this map (If its on the map, its active).MurdaTown Park Street Crips Anzac Grape Compton Crips Nutty Blocc Compton Crips Park Village Compton Crips Poccet Hood Compton Crips Santana Blocc Compton Crips South Side Compton Crips Spook Town Compton Crips 1st Street E/C Crips 6 Pacc E/C Crips Gorilla Boys E/C Crips 823 Gangster Crips 83 Gangster Crips 96 Gangster Crips ABK Gangster Crips Graveyard Crips G-Stone Silent Murder Crips TFL ...Gangs by State 2024. Gangs in the U.S. include prison gangs, local street gangs, and national street gangs. There are about 33,000 gangs in the U.S., with over one million members. Many of these gangs started and still exist in urban areas. For example, national street gangs developed in major cities like Chicago and New York City but later ...

6100 washington ave.

Jim Allen (L), a self-described member of the Vice Lords street gang, gets a hug from former Gangster Disciple and current community activist Q. L. Anthony following a press conference September 2, 2010 in Chicago, Illinois. The icon indicates free access to the linked research on JSTOR. For many people, the word “ gangs ” conjures up ...The book The Gang: A Study of 1313 Gangs in Chicago, Frederic Milton Thrasher is published by University of Chicago Press.The group first got media attention in the 1980s and 90s, when they were associated with several gang-related murders and other crimes across Chicago. With over 160 chapters and 20,000 – 35,000 members around the country, Latin Kings is easily one of the largest gangs in the US, with a strong presence in multiple cities like New York, Los ...Active years: 1890s-1910s. Ethnicity: Jewish. One of New York’s most feared criminal organizations was the Eastman gang, led by Jewish mobster Edward “Monk” Eastman, who achieved infamy in ...Embroidered “G” early 1950s-early 1960s; Ku Klux Klansman, swastica – early 1970s – early 1980s; Celtic cross with flames, 712 – early 1960s to present. Status. Active. The Gaylords are one the oldest street gangs in Chicago. We will begin by tracing their roots that date all the way back to the mid-1930s.The Vice Lords became very well-known in Wicker Park at their Evergreen and Hoyne stronghold that was heavily contested by white greaser gangs and the United Neighborhoods gangs (Insane Unknowns, Latin Kings, Spanish Lords and Warlords). November 21, 1962 East Garfield Park Vice Lord activity.

Former gangs in Chicago‎ (1 C, 12 P) L. Latin Kings (gang)‎ (5 P) O. Outlaws Motorcycle Club‎ (16 P) P. People Nation‎ (10 P) Pages in category "Gangs in Chicago" Gangs. Woodlawn Boy Bandits, 1907. Chicago's first gangs developed along ethnic lines out of the volunteer fire departments during the antebellum period. With names like “Fire Kings,” these outfits of young, often single working-class men competed against one another in departmental reviews, brawled in the streets, and conducted social events.Chicago Gaylords. The Simon City Royals, also known as the Almighty Simon City Royal Nation, are a street and prison gang which began in Chicago during 1952 as Simon City, a greaser gang. They named themselves for Simons Park, which is located on the corner of Drake and Wabansia in the Humboldt Park neighborhood where they originally formed.CHICAGO (CBS) -- The recent release of the Chicago "Gang Book" has caused controversy, but it also gave a peek at the unusual names given to gang members and the inspiration behind the notable ...Bunnyside: 12th Street Players: Roosevelt Rd and Lombard, Cicero, IL: Gang Book Bunnyside: 12th Street Players: Roosevelt Rd and Lombard, Cicero, IL: Gang Book South Chicago was also home to many greaser gangs in the 1950s and 1960s. 1974 pic with Theodore "Sweet Wine" Ordonez on the far right at 84th and Burley in the South Chicago neighborhood. June 27, 1950 about a shooting death in the South Chicago neighborhood between a teen Mexican gang and adult Mexican men.The Vice Lords became very well-known in Wicker Park at their Evergreen and Hoyne stronghold that was heavily contested by white greaser gangs and the United Neighborhoods gangs (Insane Unknowns, Latin Kings, Spanish Lords and Warlords). November 21, 1962 East Garfield Park Vice Lord activity.Crime and Public Safety. Chicago homicides in 2024: 163 people slain. Here’s how that compares with previous years. Information about homicides is released daily by …May 5, 2024 / 2:07 PM CDT / CBS Chicago. CHICAGO (CBS) — Chicago's Cinco de Mayo parade was canceled Sunday after gang violence was reported near the route, …

Nearly 33,000 juveniles arrested over about the last two decades have been labeled by Chicago police as gang members, according to police data.The records, released as a result of an open records ...

The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre was the murder of seven members and associates of Chicago's North Side Gang on Saint Valentine's Day 1929. The men were gathered at a Lincoln Park, Chicago garage on the morning of February 14, 1929. They were lined up against a wall and shot by four unknown assailants, two of whom were disguised as police ...MuffMob 🅱️, 24MG 🅱️, HRYM 4️⃣, SBG 4️⃣, SnowGang 4️⃣, LP 4️⃣, MNA 4️⃣, SaneGang Sets ♏️🎩, 700 4️⃣, GloBlock 4️⃣, GhostMobb ☪️🎩. PBlock, DCG. MNA 4️⃣. Division to Chicago, Austin to Central. Austin. L4M 4️⃣, TBG ☪️🎩, 700 4️⃣, GloBlock 4️⃣. SMG 4️⃣, SaneGang Sets ♏ ...The Mickey Cobras have a long-standing rivalry with other Chicago gangs, engaging in drug trafficking, armed robbery, and violent crimes. The Impact on Society. The presence of these gangs poses a significant threat to the safety and well-being of Illinois residents. Gang-related violence often results in tragic outcomes, affecting not only the ...1860's - 1920's: Chicago's gangs were first formed around the 1860's by Irish, German, and Lithuanian immigrants to protect from outside attacks. They developed into mostly Polish and Italian gangs in …North Chicago 4️⃣, ️,🅾️ Waukegan ... New breeds triple LLL the BDS and new breeds were pretty tight and that's where the term Treys both ways started our gang history in Chicago is confusing but is deep with a lot of twists and turns our gang politics are completely different and can be real confusing the whole GD and BD war has been ...The 26-year-old man had been affiliated with O Block, a faction of Chicago’s Black Disciples street gang, police say. Chicago gangs have been active in Atlanta for years.In the article are twenty infamous gangsters from Chicago. 1. James Marcello. James J. Marcello, an infamous crime boss, was known by multiple aliases such as “ Little Jimmy “, “ Jimmy Light “, and “J immy the Man “. During the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s, he served as a front boss for the Chicago Outfit criminal organization.In the 1950s, the gangs began to don sweaters to identify themselves, and carried compliment [business] cards that bore their affiliation and became status symbols. As the gangs grew, the violence increased, and by the 1980s, many of the smaller local clubs had been consumed by larger syndicates that have become synonymous with inner-city …Map and Tour of the Milwaukee Hoods. Take a scroll through this large Midwest city with a map highlighting the Milwaukee hoods on the city’s North Side, East Side, and even the Hispanic area of the South Side. A place where Milwaukee gangs have aligned themselves with the nations out of Chicago, the streets of Milwaukee have become well known ...

Remington tavern and seafood exchange menu.

Publix palm coast fl.

Gangs of Chicago – BDs v GDs. The Gangster Disciples, a notorious gang birthed from the south side of Chicago, have etched their name deep into criminal history. Formed in the late 1960s by Larry Hoover and David Barksdale, this gang quickly gained notoriety for its brutality and vast criminal empire. ... Chinatown Gangs. In the late 1800s, the growing number of Chinese immigrants in the U.S. faced severe discrimination and violence from white Americans and the U.S. government. Requiring support, protection, and advocacy, volunteer benevolent associations began to appear in Chinatowns. Modeled after clans in China, the tongs were organized ... The gang was named after a notorious bartender who was known for slipping knockout drops into his patrons’ drinks. There were also several Jewish gangs in Chicago in the 1900s, including the “Zog’s Boys,” the “42 Gang,” and the “Kosher Nostra.”. These gangs were involved in a range of criminal activities, including extortion ...Need a landlord agent in Chicago? Read reviews & compare projects by leading landlord representation services. Find a company today! Development Most Popular Emerging Tech Developm...Chicago Outfit and Genna crime family. The North Side Gang, also known as the North Side Mob, was an Irish-American criminal organization within Chicago during the Prohibition era from the early 1920s to the mid-1930s. It was the principal rival of the South Side Gang, also known as the Chicago Outfit, the crime syndicate of Italian-Americans ...The Latin Kings have 20,000-35,000 members in 15 cities in 5 states. The Black P. Stone Nation in Chicago could have up to 100,000 members scattered in various cities among 10 states.In total, Supt. David Brown said, there are 117,000 gang members, who are part of the city's 55 known gangs. Published July 22, 2020 • Updated on July 22, 2020 …May 31, 2021 ... By the 1990s, four of Chicago's largest gangs (the Black Gangster Disciples Nation, the Latin Disciples, the Latin Kings, and the Vice Lords) ...Nov 27, 2023 · Running parallel to the gang’s involvement with the Chicago Freedom Movement was their fight for jobs in the construction industry and building trades. Chicago’s three major Black street gangs, the Vice Lords, Blackstone Rangers and Disciples formed a group called LSD that stood for the Lords, Stones and Disciples. ….

Generate thousands of random gang names with this Gang Name Generator ⚡️ Ideas can be saved and copied ⚡️ Fuel your creativity and start generating. ... and violence, they also act as a locus of community and social support for many, especially in urban environments. In Chicago and other major cities, gangs have also become involved in ...Size. 7.622 MB. Rows. 128,000. Related Content. This dataset contains descriptive information on individuals that the Chicago Police Department has classified as gang members. There are no names ...In the article are twenty infamous gangsters from Chicago. 1. James Marcello. James J. Marcello, an infamous crime boss, was known by multiple aliases such as “ Little Jimmy “, “ Jimmy Light “, and “J immy the Man “. During the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s, he served as a front boss for the Chicago Outfit criminal organization.The 26-year-old man had been affiliated with O Block, a faction of Chicago’s Black Disciples street gang, police say. Chicago gangs have been active in Atlanta for years.Jun 13, 2018 · CHICAGO (CBS) -- The recent release of the Chicago "Gang Book" has caused controversy, but it also gave a peek at the unusual names given to gang members and the inspiration behind the notable ... Sub to my 2nd Channel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfHv8HOlha7XMDtQSdOtlUAFollow My Instagram (I REPLY TO DMs) - https://www.instagram.com/traploreross...CHICAGO (CBS) – Sunday's Cinco de Mayo parade was marred by gang violence after shots were fired on the parade route in Little Village. CBS 2 Investigators dug into what …Chicago Gaylords. The Simon City Royals, also known as the Almighty Simon City Royal Nation, are a street and prison gang which began in Chicago during 1952 as Simon City, a greaser gang. They named themselves for Simons Park, which is located on the corner of Drake and Wabansia in the Humboldt Park neighborhood where they originally formed.5 min. Multiple outbursts from the sun could trigger magnificent auroras, or the northern lights, in many parts of the United States this weekend, as well as potentially …By the late 1970s Cicero’s gangs became increasingly violent. In 1977 there was a reported 12 gang related shootings, 50 cases of guns fired by gang members and 40 reported gang related stabbings and beatings. In 1978, Cicero police were investigating the vandalizing of 25 stores and restaurants by gang members. Names of gangs in chicago, Display All Gang Names Display All Gang Names LEADS Info → Help File Index → Gang Names → Display All Gang Names Gang Name Comments 18th Street 4 Block 4 Corner Hustlers 47th Street Satan Disciples 69 Posse 8 Ball Posse 98 Posse 9th Street Gangster Disciples Akros Allport Lovers Ambrose American Born Kings (aka - ABK) American …, Duck, whose real name is Carlton Weekly, was gunned down in an allegedly gang-related shooting outside a luxury clothing store in the first block of East Oak Street on Aug. 4, 2020.His girlfriend ..., MuffMob 🅱️, 24MG 🅱️, HRYM 4️⃣, SBG 4️⃣, SnowGang 4️⃣, LP 4️⃣, MNA 4️⃣, SaneGang Sets ♏️🎩, 700 4️⃣, GloBlock 4️⃣, GhostMobb ☪️🎩. PBlock, DCG. MNA 4️⃣. Division to Chicago, Austin to Central. Austin. L4M 4️⃣, TBG ☪️🎩, 700 4️⃣, GloBlock 4️⃣. SMG 4️⃣, SaneGang Sets ♏ ..., Origins and history. The Almighty Gaylords Nation, founded in 1953, is one of Chicago's oldest street gangs, [4] originating in the West Town neighborhood at the intersection of Grand Avenue and Noble Street. Initially composed mostly of Italians, it also included some Mexican Americans, reflecting the ethnic diversity of the area, which was ..., Need a interior decorator in Chicago? Read reviews & compare projects by leading interior design companies. Find a company today! Development Most Popular Emerging Tech Development..., The National Gang Center (NGC) is a project funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), the Office of Justice Programs (OJP), U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). The NGC is an integral component of the Justice Department’s mission to provide innovative leadership in coordination with federal, state, local, and ..., In addition, examine the work of Frederick Thrasher, The Gang (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1927, 1963). According to John M. Hagedorn, “Gang Violence in the Postindustrial Era,” Crime and Justice , 24 (1998), …, MuffMob 🅱️, 24MG 🅱️, HRYM 4️⃣, SBG 4️⃣, SnowGang 4️⃣, LP 4️⃣, MNA 4️⃣, SaneGang Sets ♏️🎩, 700 4️⃣, GloBlock 4️⃣, GhostMobb ☪️🎩. PBlock, DCG. MNA 4️⃣. Division to Chicago, Austin to Central. Austin. L4M 4️⃣, TBG ☪️🎩, 700 4️⃣, GloBlock 4️⃣. SMG 4️⃣, SaneGang Sets ♏ ..., May 15, 1992 Gangster Disciples of Belmont and Clifton. Starting in the late 1980s and escalating in the early 1990s, the Gangster Disciples were operating highly sophisticated crack cocaine operations in the Robert Taylor Homes, Cabrini Green high rise and low rises, Dearborn homes mid-rises and the Stateway Gardens. , The Vice Lords is a long-standing gang that originated in the 1950s in the North Lawndale neighborhood of Chicago. With a presence in both urban and suburban areas, the Vice Lords are one of the largest and most active gangs in the city. The gang has a reputation for engaging in drug trafficking, robbery, and other violent crimes., Gangs headquartered. Vice Lords, Gangster Disciples, New Breeds, This area was settled in 1827 as part of the Lawndale-Crawford area and from there some farms were built in the area and eventually the area became a part of the suburb of Cicero and Cicero Township until the year 1869. In 1869, Chicago annexed this area and this Chicago ..., Chicago Outfit, Gaylords and several other white gangs: Rivals: Gangster Disciples, Latin Kings, Simon City Royals: The Taylor Street Jouster Nation is a Chicago street gang that originally started on the Near West Side and then later branched out to the north side of the city as well. Their name is a reference to the medieval sport of jousting., MurdaTown Park Street Crips Anzac Grape Compton Crips Nutty Blocc Compton Crips Park Village Compton Crips Poccet Hood Compton Crips Santana Blocc Compton Crips South Side Compton Crips Spook Town Compton Crips 1st Street E/C Crips 6 Pacc E/C Crips Gorilla Boys E/C Crips 823 Gangster Crips 83 Gangster Crips 96 Gangster Crips ABK Gangster Crips Graveyard Crips G-Stone Silent Murder Crips TFL ..., Oct 28, 2021 · The Forty-Two Gang. This Chicago gang likely got its name because it originally had 42 members, a nod to the story of Ali Baba and the forty thieves. But Chicago’s Chief of Detectives reportedly ... , Apr 11, 2019 · Get more in-depth, daily coverage of Chicago politics at The Daily Line. CHICAGO — Approximately 95 percent of the at least 134,242 Chicagoans listed as gang members by the Chicago Police Department are Black or Latino, an audit released Thursday by the city’s watchdog found. , Need a landlord agent in Chicago? Read reviews & compare projects by leading landlord representation services. Find a company today! Development Most Popular Emerging Tech Developm..., Team 600 – The Chicago rap group and set of the Black Disciples street gang. Members of Team 600. Members of Team 600 pledge allegiance to the dangerous Black Disciples street gang. Edai; 600 Breezy; Dthang (Deceased) Mthang …, Zhandarka Kurti: What made you interested in writing about the history of Chicago’s Black street gangs? Lance Williams: I grew up during the civil rights movement and Black Power era. My father was a member of one of Chicago’s first Black Street organizations called the Vice Lords. He was a gang banger and a Black nationalist who …, Are you a huge fan of the Chicago Cubs? Do you want to stay up-to-date with the latest news, scores, and highlights from your favorite baseball team? Look no further than the offic..., Display All Gang Names Display All Gang Names LEADS Info → Help File Index → Gang Names → Display All Gang Names Gang Name Comments 18th Street 4 Block 4 Corner Hustlers 47th Street Satan Disciples 69 Posse 8 Ball Posse 98 Posse 9th Street Gangster Disciples Akros Allport Lovers Ambrose American Born Kings (aka - ABK) American …, The book names 59 active Chicago gangs and includes updated gang-turf maps. It lists more than 2,400 gang factions that have sprung with the arrests of prominent gang leaders, the dismantling of ..., Gangs. Woodlawn Boy Bandits, 1907. Chicago's first gangs developed along ethnic lines out of the volunteer fire departments during the antebellum period. With names like “Fire Kings,” these outfits of young, often single working-class men competed against one another in departmental reviews, brawled in the streets, and conducted social events., Feb 11, 2024 ... Comments55. PakistanPalestineWarrior. These gang members are more humble and friendly than the American government and military . 21:19 · Go to ..., Chicago has 59 active street gangs, with more than 2,000 semi-autonomous factions. Police estimate 100,000 gang members are in the city. More than half are in three gangs — the Gangster Disciples, Latin Kings and Black P Stones., Past Chicago Police Supts. Phil Cline and Supt. Jody Weis explored using such suits against gangs, but that never happened in Chicago. In the suburbs, the strategy hit a roadblock in 2018 in Kane ..., In Los Angeles, which has similar gang problems as Chicago, advocates began pushing for reforms to a statewide database in 2012. Today, the database has been cut in half, to about 100,000 names ..., Aug 23, 2022 ... New York's Deadly Gang War - Crips v GDs · Mr. Dog Food - Atlanta's Biggest Dealer · Jacksonville's Deadly Gang War · The Many Mur..., , The presence of gangs in Chicago has a direct impact on the city’s crime rates, particularly when it comes to violent crimes. Gang-related homicides, robberies, and assaults are major contributors to Chicago’s overall crime statistics. Gangs often engage in territorial disputes, leading to an increase in violence, primarily in neighborhoods ..., United Blood Nation [21] Notable members. Luis Felipe. Antonio Fernandez. The Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation ( ALKQN, ALKN, or LKN, also known as simply Latin Kings) is one of the largest Caribbean and Latino street and prison gangs worldwide. [22] [23] [24] The gang was founded by Puerto Ricans in Chicago, Illinois, in 1954., Set Name: Gang(s) Location: Source: 4 Deuce??? Gladys and Cicero: Gang Book: 46 Terror??? 43rd to 46th and Drexel to Ellis: Gang Book: BAM (By Any Means)??? 71st and Rhodes: Gang Book: Doon Squad??? 59th to 63rd and Campbell to Washtenaw: Gang Book: Kells World??? 61st to 67th and California to Kedzie: Gang Book: MOB??? 74th to 83rd and ..., Polo G. Moneybagg Yo. The Almighty Vice Lord Nation ( Vice Lords for short, abbreviated AVLN) is the second-largest and one of the oldest street and prison gangs in Chicago, Illinois. Its total membership is estimated to be between 30,000 and 35,000. It is also one of the founding members of the People Nation multi-gang alliance., Gangs by State 2024. Gangs in the U.S. include prison gangs, local street gangs, and national street gangs. There are about 33,000 gangs in the U.S., with over one million members. Many of these gangs started and still exist in urban areas. For example, national street gangs developed in major cities like Chicago and New York City but later ...